Salt Analysis: Barium Chloride (BaCl₂)Salt Analysis: Barium Chloride (BaCl2)
1. Physical Examination of the Salt
| Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|
| Colour | White | Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, Fe salts absent |
| Smell | Pungent smell observed | — |
2. Dry Heating Test
| Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|
| One pinch of solid salt is heated in a dry test tube | Pungent smelling gas observed | Chloride or sulphate may be present |
3. Flame Test
| Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|
| Thin, clean platinum wire dipped in conc. HCl, touched with salt, held at edge of oxidizing flame | Apple green colour observed | Ba2+ may be present |
4. Concentrated H2SO4 Test
| Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|
| One pinch of salt heated with conc. H2SO4 | Pungent smelling colourless gas and white fumes produced | Chloride may be present |
5. Wet Test for Acid Radical (Chloride Ion, Cl–)
| Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|
| Aqueous solution of salt treated with dil. HNO3, followed by AgNO3 | Curdy white ppt observed, highly soluble in NH4OH | Cl– confirmed |
Reactions:
Cl– + AgNO3 → AgCl↓ (curdy white ppt) + NO3–
AgCl + 2NH4OH → [Ag(NH3)2]Cl (soluble) + 2H2O
6. Test for Zero Group Cation (NH₄⁺)
| Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|
| Aqueous solution of salt with NH4OH, warmed | No ammoniacal smell observed | NH4+ ion is absent |
7. Group Analysis for Basic Radical
| Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|
| Dilute HCl added to original solution | No white ppt observed | Group I absent |
| Dilute HCl added, H2S passed | No black ppt observed | Group II absent |
| Solid NH4Cl added | No ppt observed | Group III absent |
| NH4OH solution and H2S gas added | No ppt observed | Group IV absent |
| NH4OH added, followed by (NH4)2CO3 | White ppt observed | Group V element present |
8. Analysis of Group V (Barium Ion Confirmation)
| Experiment | Observation | Inference |
|---|
| Precipitate from Group V treated with dil. acetic acid and then K2CrO4 | Pale yellow ppt observed (barium chromate) | Barium ion confirmed |
Reactions:
BaCO3 + 2CH3COOH → (CH3COO)2Ba + CO2 + H2O
(CH3COO)2Ba + K2CrO4 → BaCrO4↓ (yellow ppt) + 2CH3COOK
Conclusion
Acid Radical: Cl– (Chloride ion)
Basic Radical: Ba2+ (Barium ion)