| Test | Procedure | Observation | Inference | Chemical Reaction |
|---|
| Flame Test | Moisten a clean platinum wire, dip in salt, place in non-luminous flame. | Apple green flame | Presence of Ba²⁺ | Ba²⁺ + heat → Excited Ba* → Apple green color (no chemical reaction, physical process) |
| With K₂CrO₄ Solution | Add K₂CrO₄ to salt solution. | Yellow ppt. of BaCrO₄ | Ba²⁺ confirmed | BaCl₂ + K₂CrO₄ → BaCrO₄↓ (yellow) + 2KCl |
| With (NH₄)₂CO₃ Solution | Add ammonium carbonate to salt solution, warm gently. | White ppt. of BaCO₃ | Ba²⁺ confirmed | BaCl₂ + (NH₄)₂CO₃ → BaCO₃↓ (white) + 2NH₄Cl |
| With Na₂SO₄ Solution | Add Na₂SO₄ to salt solution. | White ppt. of BaSO₄ (insoluble in conc. HNO₃) | Ba²⁺ confirmed | BaCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ → BaSO₄↓ (white) + 2NaCl |
| With Dil. H₂SO₄ | Add dil. sulphuric acid to salt solution. | White ppt. of BaSO₄ | Ba²⁺ confirmed | BaCl₂ + H₂SO₄ → BaSO₄↓ (white) + 2HCl |
| Test | Procedure | Observation | Inference | Chemical Reaction |
|---|
| Silver Nitrate Test | Add AgNO₃ to salt solution acidified with dilute HNO₃. | White curdy ppt. (soluble in ammonium hydroxide) | Cl⁻ confirmed | BaCl₂ + 2AgNO₃ → 2AgCl↓ (white) + Ba(NO₃)₂ |
| Ammonium Hydroxide on AgCl | Add NH₄OH to AgCl ppt. | Ppt. dissolves | Confirms Cl⁻ (AgCl soluble in NH₄OH) | AgCl + 2NH₄OH → [Ag(NH₃)₂]Cl (soluble) + 2H₂O |
| Confirm with Lead Acetate | Add Pb(CH₃COO)₂ to salt solution. | No ppt. (distinguishes from other halides) | Cl⁻ confirmed
(others give ppt.) | BaCl₂ + Pb(CH₃COO)₂ → No visible ppt. (PbCl₂ slightly soluble in cold water) |