Salt Analysis: Barium Chloride (BaCl₂)

1. Physical Examination of the Salt

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Colour	White	Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, Fe salts absent
Smell	Pungent smell observed	—

2. Dry Heating Test

Experiment	Observation	Inference
One pinch of solid salt is heated in a dry test tube	Pungent smelling gas observed	Chloride or sulphate may be present

3. Flame Test

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Thin, clean platinum wire dipped in conc. HCl, touched with salt, held at edge of oxidizing flame	Apple green colour observed	Ba2+ may be present

4. Concentrated H₂SO₄ Test

Experiment	Observation	Inference
One pinch of salt heated with conc. H2SO4	Pungent smelling colourless gas and white fumes produced	Chloride may be present

5. Wet Test for Acid Radical (Chloride Ion, Cl^–)

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Aqueous solution of salt treated with dil. HNO3, followed by AgNO3	Curdy white ppt observed, highly soluble in NH4OH	Cl– confirmed

6. Test for Zero Group Cation (NH₄⁺)

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Aqueous solution of salt with NH4OH, warmed	No ammoniacal smell observed	NH4+ ion is absent

7. Group Analysis for Basic Radical

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Dilute HCl added to original solution	No white ppt observed	Group I absent
Dilute HCl added, H2S passed	No black ppt observed	Group II absent
Solid NH4Cl added	No ppt observed	Group III absent
NH4OH solution and H2S gas added	No ppt observed	Group IV absent
NH4OH added, followed by (NH4)2CO3	White ppt observed	Group V element present

8. Analysis of Group V (Barium Ion Confirmation)

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Precipitate from Group V treated with dil. acetic acid and then K2CrO4	Pale yellow ppt observed (barium chromate)	Barium ion confirmed

Conclusion

Acid Radical: Cl^– (Chloride ion)
Basic Radical: Ba²⁺ (Barium ion)