Structure of Atom Questions ⚛️

Atomic Structure – Question Bank

1. Basic Concept Questions 🏛️📖

1. What are the main postulates of Dalton’s Atomic Theory? (#DaltonsTheory #AtomicModel)
2. Define atomic number, mass number, and isotopes. (#AtomicNumber #MassNumber #Isotopes)
3. How do isobars differ from isotopes? (#IsobarsVsIsotopes #NuclearChemistry)
4. Write the electronic configuration of:
   • (a) Na (Z = 11)
   • (b) Cl (Z = 17) (#ElectronicConfiguration #QuantumNumbers)
5. What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in an atomic orbital? (#PauliExclusionPrinciple #Orbitals)

2. Structure of Atom Questions ⚛️

6. Describe Thomson’s Plum Pudding Model and why it failed. (#ThomsonModel #AtomicModels)
7. Explain Rutherford’s α-particle scattering experiment and its conclusions. (#RutherfordModel #NucleusDiscovery)
8. What are the limitations of Rutherford’s atomic model? (#AtomicStructure #NuclearPhysics)
9. How did Bohr’s atomic model explain hydrogen spectra? (#BohrModel #SpectralLines)
10. State Bohr’s postulates for the hydrogen atom. (#BohrTheory #QuantumPhysics)

3. Quantum Numbers & Orbitals 🔬📌

11. What are the four quantum numbers? Explain their significance. (#QuantumNumbers #WaveMechanics)
12. How does the principal quantum number (n) determine the size of an orbital? (#QuantumNumbers #ShellsSubshells)
13. Differentiate between orbital and orbit. (#QuantumMechanics #WaveNatureOfElectron)
14. What is Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle? Give an example. (#UncertaintyPrinciple #QuantumPhysics)
15. Write the Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and Pauli’s exclusion principle. (#ElectronConfiguration #OrbitalFilling)

4. Wave Nature of Electron & Dual Nature of Matter 🌊🔄

16. Explain de Broglie’s hypothesis of matter waves. (#WaveParticleDuality #QuantumMechanics)
17. Calculate the wavelength of an electron moving with velocity 5 × 10⁶ m/s (given: mass of electron = 9.1 × 10⁻³¹ kg, h = 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ Js). (#deBroglieEquation #NumericalPhysics)
18. What is the significance of Schrödinger’s wave equation? (#SchrodingerEquation #QuantumWaveFunction)
19. Explain the photoelectric effect and its significance in quantum mechanics. (#PhotoelectricEffect #EinsteinQuantumTheory)
20. Why do electrons not fall into the nucleus despite attraction by protons? (#WaveNature #BohrModel)

5. Electromagnetic Radiation & Spectra 🌈🔍

21. What is electromagnetic radiation? List its properties. (#ElectromagneticWaves #RadiationPhysics)
22. Arrange the following in increasing order of wavelength: X-rays, UV rays, Radio waves, Infrared, Gamma rays. (#Spectrum #WavelengthOrder)
23. Define wavelength, frequency, and wave number. (#WaveProperties #AtomicPhysics)
24. What is the relationship between energy, frequency, and wavelength? (#PlancksEquation #EnergyWaves)
25. Explain the formation of line spectra in hydrogen using Bohr’s model. (#HydrogenSpectrum #BohrTheory)

6. Applications & Higher-Order Thinking (HOTs) Questions 🧐💡

26. Why does the 4s orbital fill before 3d orbital even though 3d has a lower principal quantum number? (#AufbauPrinciple #EnergyLevels)
27. An element has an atomic number of 26 (Fe). Write its electronic configuration using the n+l rule. (#OrbitalFilling #QuantumNumbers)
28. Why does helium (He) not follow the octet rule? (#StableConfiguration #NobleGases)
29. If an electron has n = 3, how many possible orbitals can it occupy? (#Orbitals #QuantumNumbers)
30. Explain why no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers. (#PauliExclusionPrinciple #QuantumMechanics)