Title: Step-by-Step Qualitative Analysis of Lead Acetate ((CH₃COO)₂Pb)

Introduction

Lead acetate ((CH₃COO)₂Pb) is a water-soluble ionic compound commonly used in analytical chemistry. This document outlines the qualitative analysis of (CH₃COO)₂Pb to identify its cation (Pb²⁺) and anion (CH₃COO⁻) through systematic tests.

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Step-by-Step Analysis of (CH₃COO)₂Pb

1. Preliminary Examination

Property	Observation
Physical Appearance	White crystalline solid
Solubility	Soluble in water, forming a colorless solution
Odor	Slight vinegar-like odor due to acetate ions

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2. Dry Heating Test

Procedure	Observation	Inference	Chemical Equation
Heat a small sample in a dry test tube.	Smell of acetic acid and black residue (PbO).	Decomposition of lead acetate.	(CH₃COO)₂Pb → PbO (black) + 2CH₃COOH

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3. Flame Test

Procedure	Observation	Inference
A platinum wire is dipped in (CH₃COO)₂Pb solution and introduced to a non-luminous flame.	Blue-white flame observed.	Presence of Pb²⁺ ions.

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4. Identification of Lead (Pb²⁺) Ion

Test	Reagent Used	Observation	Inference	Chemical Equation
Potassium Iodide (KI) test	KI solution	Yellow precipitate	Confirms Pb²⁺ presence	Pb²⁺ + 2I⁻ → PbI₂ (yellow ppt.)
Dilute H₂SO₄ test	H₂SO₄ solution	White precipitate	Confirms Pb²⁺ presence	Pb²⁺ + SO₄²⁻ → PbSO₄ (white ppt.)
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) test	NaOH solution	White precipitate, soluble in excess NaOH	Confirms Pb²⁺ presence	Pb²⁺ + 2OH⁻ → Pb(OH)₂ (white ppt.)

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5. Identification of Acetate (CH₃COO⁻) Ion

Test	Reagent Used	Observation	Inference	Chemical Equation
Ferric Chloride (FeCl₃) test	FeCl₃ solution	Deep red coloration	Confirms CH₃COO⁻ presence	CH₃COO⁻ + Fe³⁺ → Fe(CH₃COO)₃ (red complex)
Conc. Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄) test	Conc. H₂SO₄ + heat	Smell of vinegar (acetic acid)	Confirms CH₃COO⁻ presence	(CH₃COO)₂Pb + H₂SO₄ → PbSO₄ + 2CH₃COOH (gas)

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6. Group Analysis of Pb²⁺ (Cation Analysis)

Lead ion (Pb²⁺) belongs to Group II in cation analysis, which includes Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Hg²⁺. The group reagent used for its identification is dilute HCl, forming PbCl₂ precipitate.

Test	Reagent Used	Observation	Inference	Chemical Equation
Group Precipitation	Dilute HCl	White precipitate	Confirms Pb²⁺ presence	Pb²⁺ + 2Cl⁻ → PbCl₂ (white ppt.)
Confirmation	Hot water	Precipitate dissolves	Solubility of PbCl₂ in hot water	PbCl₂ (s) → Pb²⁺ (aq) + 2Cl⁻ (aq)

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Conclusion

The qualitative analysis of (CH₃COO)₂Pb confirms the presence of lead (Pb²⁺) and acetate (CH₃COO⁻) ions through distinct chemical reactions, solubility tests, and confirmatory tests.